![]() Although well accepted, these comorbid conditions are not part of existing classifications for tic disorders. Chronic tic disorders (defined by a duration > 1 year) are often associated with several other symptoms and comorbid diagnoses such as obsessive–compulsive behavior (OCB)/obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), rage attacks, self-injurious behavior (SIB), as well as various mood and anxiety disorders. Tics typically have a waxing and waning course. Primary tic disorders are a group of childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders that are defined by the presence of one or more motor and/or phonic (= vocal) tics for a time period of less or more than 1 year. We therefore suggest the introduction of the term “tic spectrum disorders”, instead of using different diagnostic categories. Our results suggest that both disorders exist along a symptom severity continuum of which TS constitutes a more severe and CMTD a less severe form. 23.8% p < 0.05), and a markedly lower comorbidity score (1.9 vs. Patients only differed in tic severity, with CMTD patients ( n = 40) having lower mean tic severity (STSS = 2.0 vs. The two groups did not differ significantly in any of the clinical or demographic variables. The data were gained through retrospective chart analysis. ![]() Lifetime prevalence of other comorbid conditions was assessed in a semi-structured clinical interview. Tic severity was assessed via Shapiro Tourette-Syndrome Severity Scale (STSS). Our sample consisted of 1018 patients (including adult and child patients) suffering from chronic tic disorders. The aim of this study was to compare patients with both diagnoses along a number of clinical characteristics to provide further diagnostic clarity. Although the DSM-5 chronic motor tic disorder (CMTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) are distinct diagnostic categories, there is no genetic or phenotypic evidence that supports this diagnostic categorization.
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